US $53.43
Cuba and the Cane Sugar
Cane sugar has been known by humankind for several millennia before Christ due to its sweetness; according to descriptions of travellers to India, the inhabitants of the Indo Valley chewed the cane in order to obtain the juice of it some 500 years B.C. In Spain, the cane sugar made its entrance during the Moorish period, and Christopher Columbus included the cane among the animals and plants he brought during his third trip to the New World (August 30, 1498). Planted in the soft lands of Santo Domingo and due to the weather of the tropics, the sugar cane grew so fine as to produce the best of its sweetness. Already in 1506, Brother Bartholomew of las Casas made reference to the first rustic sugar mill on the island.
As almost everything brought to Cuba during that time, the conqueror Diego Velazquez was the one to introduce the sugar cane from Santo Domingo; and from that moment on, the settlers began to produce guarapo (the juice extracted from the cane) necessary for obtaining the sugar. The surplus of this home-made sugar elaboration was the main basis to trade with other settlers; and the sugar plus salted meat and corn became the basis to trade with pirates in order to get slaves.
The first commercial sugar mill was installed during the last decades of the 16 century in the Havana area and already in 1600, 60 sugar mills were functioning. During this period, Cuba was behind La Hispaniola and other colonies in the sugar production. It was during the Storming of the English in 1762 that the Cuban trade opened and an increase of the sugar production was seen. The first production was counted in 1799 and it reached six thousand tons with the six hundred sugar mills existing at the time.
Sugar refineries did not appear until the first decades of the 19th century with the introduction of the steam engine. According to a census of that period, in 1830 there were more than one thousand sugar refineries producing around 94 thousand tons; and when in 1837 the steam locomotives arrived in Cuba, the sugar production increased to unprecedented figures. Cuba was the seventh country in the world to have railroads, and the first in Latin America thanks to the rising sugar industry.
The independence of Cuba on May 20, 1902 favored the introduction of new machinery and the presence of American capital. With less than 200 large sugar mills in 1925, the rising Cuban nation produced more than five million tons of sugar. During this period, the vast majority of sugar mills and sugar plantations were in the hands of foreign capital; however, some social laws applied between 1935 and 1945 made possible that in 1950 of 161 large sugar mills working, 131 were in the hands of Cubans, controlling 60% of total production.
With the Triumph of the Revolution, the sugar mills were nationalized and became socialist companies as well as the majority of the plantations that were in the hands of small and leading producers. Although the millionaire productions were kept, the industry and agriculture based on the sugar cane have been declining during the last 50 years. Nowadays, sugar is not an important product in the trading scale of Cuba. Almost 70 large sugar mills have been dismantled, and a huge part of the sugar cane cultivated today is destined to the production of sugar-cane syrups and refined spirits for the chemical industry, the pharmaceutical industry and the liquor production (the Havana Club rum being among them). The last known results of a sugarcane harvest dates from 2006-2007 with a production of 1,115,000 tons of sugar, quite similar to the harvest of 1894.
Sugar MEP [OPEN- ONLY MEMBERS]
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DLF Arte Muel R/5 Pottery Open Sugar Bowl $12.00 |
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4 PIECES LE PERE POTTERY ~ CREAMER,OPEN SUGAR BOWL, LEMON WEDGE DISH & EWER/VASE $12.55 |
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Hull Little Red Riding Hood Gold Trim Open Sugar/Cream $195.00 |
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Ridgway Ridgways Topaz Pattern Tea Size Open Sugar Bowl Looks in VGC $7.78 |
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Vintage 1944 Lancaster Sandland Hanley Staffordshire England Creamer Open Sugar $24.99 |
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Figgjo Norway -- Market Pattern -- Open Sugar Bowl $25.49 |
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Old Nuremberg Bavaria German SCARLET Red Rose Open Sugar Bowl $14.99 |
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Aynsley DURHAM-MAROON Open Sugar Bowl 1232256 $42.99 |
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Aynsley DURHAM-MAROON Mini Open Sugar Bowl 1941719 $40.99 |
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Royal Stafford Minature open sugar bowl Berkley Rose Patern $9.00 |
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Williamsburg Pottery Salt Glaze Gray Cobalt Blue Creamer Open Sugar Leaf Design $24.99 |
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Evangeline Pottery #904 Open Sugar Beige Brown Canadian $9.99 |
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AYNSLEY WILD VIOLETS FOOTED 4 OZ BOWL CUP OPEN SUGAR $29.99 |
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Evangeline Pottery Canuck Pottery Open Sugar #904 Canadian Pottery Collectible $8.99 |
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VINTAGE MINI FRANKOMA PRAIRIE GREEN GUERNSEY OPEN SUGAR AND CREAMER $9.99 |
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Myott Alfred Meakin Royalty Open Sugar Bowl $4.70 |
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JOHNSON BROS BROTHERS LAVENDER HILL IRONSTONE JUG & OPEN SUGAR BOWL $23.57 |
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Hull Magnolia Matte Teapot and open sugar dish $69.00 |
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MZ AUSTRIAN WHITE ROSE OPEN SUGAR & CREAMER - VINTAGE MORITZ ZDEKAUER $49.99 |
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Roseville Freesia Pattern Creamer and Open Sugar in Tropical Green $100.00 |
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MIDWINTER ~FINE - QUEENSBURY/QUEENSBERRY~ open sugar bowl $6.27 |
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Vintage Torquay England Motto Ware Open Sugar Bowl $18.95 |
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MIDWINTER STYLECRAFT FASHION SHAPE "CORNFIELD" LARGE OPEN SUGAR BOWL (F12) $3.13 |
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Hull Red Riding Hood Open Cream & Sugar Set (H9) $129.95 |
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Blue Mountain Pottery Open Sugar Bowl and Creamer Set - Green, Blue & Black $8.95 |
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Vintage Poole Truda Carter Cockerel Jug & Open Sugar Bowl Artist signed Perfect $12.56 |
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Royal Vale Ridgway 8216 Autumnal Pattern Tea Size Open Sugar Bowl in VGC $9.41 |
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Roseville Magnolia Open Sugar Bowl +Creamer Set # 4s+4c $175.00 |
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Royal Standard Blue Rose Tea Size Open Sugar Bowl - VGC $9.41 |
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Staffordshire CALICO-BLUE (BURLEIGH) Open Sugar Bowl $23.99 |
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A JOHNSON BROTHERS 'SONATA' OPEN SUGAR BOWL $4.70 |
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Italy 1 Open Sugar Bowl Pink Floral Peony Orchids White $9.99 |
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Vintage Ridgway PAVAN Milk jug and open sugar bowl Bone China Perfect Pastel $7.84 |
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PORTMEIRION APPLE HARVEST OPEN SUGAR NE 2ND $12.57 |
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faience de france cobalt vintage Luneville Louis XV open sugar bowl soup? 4.75"D $44.99 |
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RS PRUSSIA set of tea pot and open sugar $255.00 |
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Vintage Torquay England Motto Ware Open Sugar Bowl creamer demitasse cup saucer $50.00 |
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A MARKS & SPENCER M&S DAMSON OPEN SUGAR BOWL $7.84 |
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LANGLEY STUDIO GREEN RIBBED OPEN SUGAR BOWL $12.56 |
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Lancaster Sandland England Micawber Open Sugar Bowl $14.99 |
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D2 McCoy Pink & Green Daisy Open Sugar & Creamer $24.99 |
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Denby Greenwheat Small Open Sugar Bowl Basin $6.21 |
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POOLE POTTERY England BROADSTONE Open Sugar BOWL RARE! $24.95 |
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GERMAN LUSTRE RETICULATED OPEN EDGE CREAMER SUGAR HAND PAINTED BY MRS SCHERK $12.00 |
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Mottoware Open Sugar Cream Pitcher & small pitcher England Torquay $30.00 |
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Biltons Orange Daisy Flowers Open Sugar Bowl $10.00 |
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AYNSLEY & SONS SNOW CROCUS OPEN SUGAR BOWL $37.99 |
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Vintage 1970's Springfield Bone China Floral Pattern Open Tea Sugar Bowl in VGC $10.99 |
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DENBY GYPSY CREAM JUG & OPEN SUGAR $12.57 |
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BUCHAN THISTLEWARE OPEN SUGAR BOWL SCOTLAND $14.95 |
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Royal Standard Minuet Coffee Size Open Sugar Bowl VGC $12.56 |
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Ineke Pottery Blue Creamer Open Sugar Bowl Victoria BC Canada Signed A++ $24.99 |
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J & G Meakin TRENT, Hedgerow, Open Sugar Bowl $4.71 |
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Staffordshire CALICO-BROWN Mini Open Sugar Bowl 693745 $23.99 |
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Denby - Ode - Open Sugar Bowl $7.07 |
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JOHNSON BROTHERS BROS ETERNAL BEAU OPEN SUGAR BOWL $6.27 |
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POOLE POTTERY ENGLAND TABLEWARE - NUT TREE PATTERN - OPEN SUGAR BOWL $25.00 |
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Antique German Porcelain Open Sugar Souvenir Godrevey $38.45 |
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Denby Greenwheat Tea Size Open Sugar Bowl 10cmw in VGC $7.84 |
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Staffordshire Tableware Floral Pattern Open Sugar Bowl $6.27 |
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Pentik Scandinavian Pottery Finland Creamer & Open Sugar Dinnerware Mid Century $29.99 |
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WOODSIDE Gallery ART POTTERY Canada CREAMER JUG & OPEN SUGAR BOWL Grey Speckled $32.95 |
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FIGGJO NORWAY - FIG10 - yellow floral - OPEN SUGAR BOWL $16.95 |
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English Ware Sugar Pot Bowl Open Lancasters Hanley Ltd England Old $25.00 |
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Roseville Pottery Pink Peony Tea Set: Tea Pot, Creamer and Open Sugar $345.00 |
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PARKSTONE POOLE POTTERY OPEN SUGAR-TEA - NEW- $9.35 |
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ELEGANT AMERICAN FOSTORIA SMALL CREAM CREAMER OPEN SUGAR & HANDLED TRAY CRYSTAL $18.50 |
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STAFFORDSHIRE CUSTARD CUP OR OPEN SUGAR BOWL - BOUQUET $7.99 |
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TEA SET Austria Keramik TEA POT / CREAMER / OPEN SUGAR $9.99 |
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Hull Pottery 2 Handled Open Sugar "Magnolia" Pattern $70.00 |
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McCoy Pottery "Ivy" Teapot Creamer Open Sugar 1950's Cream Green Brown $139.99 |
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Poole Open Sugar Bowl - PEONY $7.78 |
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Figgjo Norway Pottery NEW Hardanger Dancers Creamer & Rosemaling Open Sugar Bowl $29.95 |
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Blue Spongeware Pottery Creamer and Open Sugar - Made in USA $9.95 |
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A POOLE MUSHROOM & SEPIA OPEN SUGAR BOWL $4.70 |
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Wedgwood Roseberry Open Sugar Bowl $10.62 |
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LANCASTER & SANDLAND LTD. MINI CREAMER & MINI OPEN SUGAR $25.00 |
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A MIDWINTER 'COUNTRYSIDE' OPEN SUGAR BOWL $3.13 |
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A WEDGWOOD 'MIRABELLE' OPEN SUGAR BOWL $15.70 |
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PV ITALY COBALT OPEN SUGAR AND CREAMER $22.00 |
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Taylor 9842 Commercial Waterproof Digital Thermometer $8.75 Flat-Edged Dial Safe-T-Guard Thermometer with Antimicrobial Sleeve. Special additive in the sleeve material inhibits bacterial and fungal growth. Thermometer is waterproof for dependable use in kitchen or lab environments. Field calibratable. Auto-off feature saves on battery life. What's Included: One LR44 battery... |
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FoodSaver T03-0023-01 Wide-Mouth Jar Sealer $6.99 Enables the FoodSaver? to vacuum packageMason jars. Perfect for liquid and other?fragile? foods and storing dry goods.... |
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Cuisinart WMR-CA Round Classic Waffle Maker $29.95 Bakes a Large Round Waffle - Separates into 4 triangular sections : Dual Indicator Lights : 5 Browning settings for custom browning control : Weighted Lid will not rise during baking, both sides cook evenly : Exclusive Regulating Thermostat retains constant temperature for optimal results : Stick Free Plates - Waffles remove easily : Easy to clean : AV Power Cord wraps under unit for... |
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Saturday Morning Cartoons' Greatest Hits $18.98 CD > POPULAR MUSIC > COMPILATION... |
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Anthology - by Dave & Sugar $13.99 This is a CD or COMPACT DISC!... |
